کتابخانه مراجع و مقالات

The advancement of technology has continuously engaged the design profession over the past several centuries. From the ancient Egyptians—who used models in the form of drawings and physical objects, as demonstrated in the plans of the tomb of Rameses IV and the drawing of the shrine from Ghorâb 4000 years ago—to the use of the mouse in the early 1970s, to the development of building information modeling (BIM) in the mid-1990s, technology has had a

radical impact on building design and construction.

During the middle ages, models were used increasingly to verify the design and construction of cathedrals (Kostof, 1977) before building the full-scale facility. These models were an integral part of the design and decoration of building exteriors and interiors. The history of buildings finds its origins in the work of the Roman architect Vitruvius, who traced the origination of construction to the imitation or modeling of nature. He observed that, seeking shelter, humans learned lessons from swallows and bees, who built their own habitations. Then, humans started using natural materials to create forms based on shapes and proportions found in nature. An example of this is the “Vitruvian Man,” which affirms that the figure of a man could be inscribed in both the circle and the square; this fundamental technological advancement represents the geometrical forms on which the design universe was ordered.